Estudio ecomorfológico de la variación craneana en poblaciones prehistóricas de Perú

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24215/25456377e101

Palabras clave:

Evolución morfológica, Variación ecológica, Holoceno temprano a tardío, Andes Centrales,

Resumen

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la variación craneométrica en una muestra de individuos del Holoceno temprano/medio al tardío de Perú. Para esto, se registraron 8 medidas lineales en el esqueleto facial y bóveda craneana de 301 individuos procedentes de 19 sitios arqueológicos, los cuales se encuentran ubicados en 4 biomas. Se exploró la variación en la forma y tamaño del cráneo entre individuos de distintos biomas y sitios arqueológicos mediante un Análisis de Componentes Principales y Análisis Discriminante. Complementariamente, se evaluó la afinidad morfológica entre las muestras mediante el cálculo de distancias de Mahalanobis y un análisis de clúster jerárquico de Ward. Asimismo, se estimó el efecto del bioma, sitio arqueológico, altitud, y cronología para explicar el patrón de variación morfológico observado a través de MANOVA. Los resultados mostraron que existen similitudes entre individuos de distintas cronologías; los individuos del Holoceno temprano/medio presentan gran variación morfológica; las muestras más recientes presentan diferencias en la longitud del cráneo, variables que describen la apertura nasal, pero también el subcomponente alveolar, lo cual a su vez se encuentra asociado a la diversidad de altitud y sitio arqueológico de procedencia. Se discuten los resultados en relación a trabajos previos que estudiaron muestras de Perú, y otras áreas de América del Sur. De esta manera se espera contribuir a la discusión de los debates actuales sobre el poblamiento de Sudamérica, especialmente en torno a las posibles adaptaciones locales.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Lumila Paula Menéndez, Konrad Lorenz Institute
    Postdoc Fellow, Konrad Lorenz Institute, Austria

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2020-04-22

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