Estudo ecomorfológico da variação craniana em populações pré-históricas do Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24215/25456377e101Palavras-chave:
Evolução morfológica, Variação ecológica, Holoceno inicial a final, Andes Centrais,Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a variação craniométrica em uma amostra de indivíduos do Holoceno inicial/médio ao final do Peru. Para isto, foram registradas 8 medidas lineares no esqueleto facial e abóbada craniana de 301 indivíduos procedentes de 19 sítios arqueológicos, os quais estão localizados em 4 biomas. Explorou-sea variação na forma e tamanho do crânio entre indivíduos de diferentes biomas e sítios arqueológicos por meio de uma Análise de Componentes Principais e Análise Discriminante. Além disso, a afinidade morfológica entre as amostras foi avaliada pelo cálculo de distâncias de Mahalanobis e uma análise de cluster hierárquica de Ward. Ademais, estimou-se o efeito do bioma, sítio arqueológico, altitude e cronologia para explicar o padrão de variação morfológica observado através de MANOVA. Os resultados mostraram que existem semelhanças entre indivíduos de diferentes cronologias, os indivíduos do Holoceno inicial/médio apresentam grande variação morfológica, as amostras mais recentes mostram diferenças no comprimento do crânio, variáveis que descrevem a abertura nasal, mas também o subcomponente alveolar, que, por sua vez, está associada à diversidade de altitude e sítio arqueológico de origem. Os resultados são discutidos em relação a trabalhos prévios que estudaram amostras do Peru, e outras áreas da América do Sul. Desta maneira, espera-se contribuir para a discussão dos debates atuais sobre o povoamento da América do Sul, principalmente em torno das possíveis adaptações locais.Referências
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