Ontogenia das órbitas em Pan troglodytes: implicações estruturais e funcionais.

Autores

  • Guillermo Germán Joosten División Antropología, Museo de La Plata
  • María Mercedes Gould División Antropología, Museo de La Plata
  • Marisol Anzelmo División Antropología, Museo de La Plata CONICET, Argentina
  • Fernando Ramírez Rozzi UPR 2147 CNRS, Dynamique de l'évolution humaine, Paris , Francia
  • Marina Laura Sardi División Antropología, Museo de La Plata CONICET, Argentina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24215/25456377e061

Palavras-chave:

Toro Supraorbital, Crânio, Chimpanzé, Visão,

Resumo

As órbitas dos primatas Haplorrhini são peculiares entre os mamíferos por serem completamente separadas da fenestra temporal e rodeadas por osso, serem convergentes, estarem frontalizadas e proporcionarem a base para o desenvolvimento de um notório toro supraorbital. Algumas destas características foram descritas como adaptações ao hábito da vida, enquanto outras como resultado de rearranjos estruturais das matrizes funcionais do crânio. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar as alterações morfológicas das órbitas em uma amostra ontogenética transversal de Pan troglodytes e sua associação com estruturas adjacentes, a fim de discutir implicações estruturais e funcionais. Foram utilizadas 52 imagens de tomografias computadorizadas de crânios de Pan troglodytes de 8 meses de vida pós-natal a adultos. Foram registrados landmarks e tomadas medidas volumétricas e lineares que permitiram extrair variáveis ??angulares e proporções. ANOVA, regressões lineares e parciais e Análise de Componentes Principais foram realizadas. Os resultados indicam que as características de valor adaptativo (funcionais) da órbita de Pan troglodytes se estabelecem no início da ontogenia e não variam durante o período pós-natal, enquanto sua relação com as estruturas adjacentes mostram alterações significativas.

Referências

Adams, D.C.; Collyer, M.L. & A. Kaliontzopoulou (2018) Geomorph: Software for geometric morphometric analyses. R package version 3.0.6. https://cran.r-project.org/package=geomorph.

Ankel-Simons, F. (2000) Primate anatomy: An introduction. San Diego: Academic Press.

Athreya, S. (2012) The frontal bone in the genus Homo: a survey of functional and phylogenetic sources of variation. Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 90, pp. 1-22.

Barbeito Andrés, J. (2014) Integración ontogene?tica en la morfología craneofacial humana. Tesis Doctoral, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (inédito).

Barbeito?Andrés, J.; Anzelmo, M.; Ventrice, F.; Pucciarelli, H.M., &

Sardi, M.L. (2016) Morphological integration of the orbital region in a human ontogenetic sample. The Anatomical Record, 299(1), pp. 70-80.

Bastir, M., & Rosas, A. (2004) Comparative ontogeny in humans and chimpanzees: similarities, differences and paradoxes in postnatal growth and development of the skull. Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger, 186(5-6), pp. 503-509.

Bookstein, F., Schäfer, K., Prossinger, H., Seidler, H., Fieder, M.,

Stringer, C., ? & Recheis, W. (1999) Comparing frontal cranial profiles in archaic and modern Homo by morphometric analysis. The Anatomical Record, 257(6), pp. 217-224.

Cartmill, M. (2017) Arboreal adaptations and the origin of the order Primates. En: The functional and evolutionary biology of primates (pp. 97-122). Routledge.

Denion, E., Dugué, A.E., Coffin?Pichonnet, S., Augy, S., & Mouriaux, F. (2014) Eye motion increases temporal visual field extent. Acta ophthalmologica, 92(3).

Denion, E., Hitier, M., Guyader, V., Dugué, A.E., & Mouriaux, F. (2015) Unique human orbital morphology compared with that of apes. Scientific Reports, 5, 11528.

Durrleman, S., Pennec, X., Trouvé, A., Ayache, N., & Braga, J. (2012) Comparison of the endocranial ontogenies between chimpanzees and bonobos via temporal regression and spatiotemporal registration. Journal of Human Evolution, 62(1), pp. 74-88.

Finarelli, J.A., & Goswami, A. (2009) The evolution of orbit orientation and encephalization in the Carnivora (Mammalia). Journal of Anatomy, 214(5), pp. 671-678.

Godfrey, L.R., & Sutherland, M.R. (1995) What's growth got to do with it? Process and product in the evolution of ontogeny. Journal of Human Evolution, 29(5), pp. 405-431.

Heesy, C.P. (2004) On the relationship between orbit orientation and binocular visual field overlap in mammals. The Anatomical Record, 281(1), pp. 1104-1110.

Hylander, W.L., Johnson, K.R., & Picq, P.G. (1991a) Masticatory?stress hypotheses and the supraorbital region of primates. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 86(1), pp. 1-36.

Hylander, W.L., Picq, P.G., & Johnson, K.R. (1991) Function of the supraorbital region of primates. Archives of Oral Biology, 36(4), pp. 273-281.

Kendall, D.G. (1977) The diffusion of shape. Advances in applied probability, 9(3), pp. 428-430.

Klingenberg, C.P. (1998) Heterochrony and allometry: the analysis of evolutionary change in ontogeny. Biological Reviews, 73(1), pp. 79-123.

Klingenberg, C.P. (2008) Morphological integration and developmental modularity. Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics, 39, pp. 115-132.

Kobayashi, H. & Hashiya, K. (2011) The gaze that grooms: contribution of social factors to the evolution of primate eye morphology. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32(3), pp.157-165.

Kobayashi, H. & Kohshima, S. (2001) Unique morphology of the human eye and its adaptive meaning: comparative studies on external morphology of the primate eye. Journal of human evolution, 40(5), pp. 419-435.

Kupczik, K., Dobson, C.A., Crompton, R.H., Phillips, R., Oxnard, C.E., Fagan, M.J. & O'Higgins, P. (2009) Masticatory loading and bone adaptation in the supraorbital torus of developing macaques. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 139(2), pp.193-203.

Kuykendall, K.L. (1996) Dental development in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): the timing of tooth calcification stages. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 99(1), pp. 135-157.

Lahr, M.M. & Wright, R.V. (1996) The question of robusticity and the relationship between cranial size and shape in Homo sapiens. Journal of Human Evolution, 31(2), pp. 157-191.

Lieberman, D.E., Carlo, J., de León, M.P. & Zollikofer, C.P. (2007) A geometric morphometric analysis of heterochrony in the cranium of chimpanzees and bonobos. Journal of Human Evolution, 52(6), pp. 647-662.

Lieberman, D.E., Ross, C.F. & Ravosa, M.J. (2000) The primate cranial base: ontogeny, function, and integration. America Journal of Physical Anthropology, 113(S31), pp. 117-169.

Lieberman, D.E. & McCarthy, R.C. (1999) The ontogeny of cranial base angulation in humans and chimpanzees and its implications for reconstructing pharyngeal dimensions. Journal of Human Evolution, 36(5), pp. 487-517.

Moss, M.L. & Young, R.W. (1960) A functional approach to craniology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 18(4), pp. 281-292.

Perez, S.I., Bernal, V. & Gonzalez, P.N. (2006) Differences between sliding semilandmark methods in geometric morphometrics, with an application to human craniofacial and dental variation. Journal of Anatomy, 208(6), pp. 769-784.

Prado-Martinez, J., Sudmant, P.H., Kidd, J.M., Li, H., Kelley, J.L., Lorente-Galdos, B., ... & Cagan, A. (2013) Great ape genetic diversity and population history. Nature, 499(7459), p. 471.

Prossinger, H., Bookstein, F., Schäfer, K., & Seidler, H. (2000) Reemerging stress: Supraorbital torus morphology in the mid?sagittal plane? The Anatomical Record, 261(5), pp. 170-172.

Ravosa, M.J. (1991a) Interspecific perspective on mechanical and nonmechanical models of primate circumorbital morphology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 86(3), pp. 369-396.

Ravosa, M.J. (1991b) Ontogenetic perspective on mechanical and nonmechanical models of primate circumorbital morphology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 85(1), pp. 95-112.

Ravosa, M.J., Vinyard, C.J. & Hylander, W.L. (2000) Stressed out: masticatory forces and primate circumorbital form. The Anatomical Record, 261(5), pp. 173-175.

Ross, C. & Henneberg, M. (1995) Basicranial flexion, relative brain size, and facial kyphosis in Homo sapiens and some fossil hominids. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 98(4), pp. 575-593.

Ross, C.F. (1995) Allometric and functional influences on primate orbit orientation and the origins of the Anthropoidea. Journal of Human Evolution, 29(3), pp. 201-227.

Russell, M.D., Brown, T., Garn, S.M., Giris, F., Turkel, S., ??can, M.Y., ... & Smith, F.H. (1985) The Supraorbital Torus:" A Most Remarkable Peculiarity"[and Comments and Replies]. Current Anthropology, 26(3), pp. 337-360.

Sardi, M.L., Barbeito-Andrés, J., Ventrice, F., Ramírez-Rozzi, F., Anzelmo, M. & Guihard-Costa, A.M. (2014) Covariación ontogénica en el endocráneo de Pan troglodytes. Revista Argentina de Antropología Biológica, 16(2), pp. 79-91.

Sardi, M.L. & Ramírez Rozzi, F.V. (2005) A cross-sectional study of human craniofacial growth. Annals of Human Biology, 32(3), pp. 390-396.

Schaefer, K., Mitteroecker, P., Gunz, P., Bernhard, M. & Bookstein, F.L. (2004) Craniofacial sexual dimorphism patterns and allometry among extant hominids. Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger, 186(5-6), pp. 471-478.

Shea, B.T. & Russell, M.D. (1986) On skull form and the supraorbital torus in primates. Current Anthropology 27(3), pp. 257-260.

Smith, F.H. & Ranyard, G.C. (1980) Evolution of the supraorbital region in Upper Pleistocene fossil hominids from South?Central Europe. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 53(4), pp. 589-610.

Sperber, G.H., Sperber, G.H., Guttmann, G.D., Sperber, S.M. &

Gutterman, G.D. (2001) Craniofacial development (book for windows & macintosh) (Vol. 1) PMPH-USA.

Strait, D.S. & Ross, C.F. (1999) Kinematic data on primate head and neck posture: implications for the evolution of basicranial flexion and an evaluation of registration planes used in paleoanthropology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 108(2), pp. 205-222.

Vinyard, C.J. & Smith, F.H. (2001) Morphometric testing of structural hypotheses of the supraorbital region in modern humans. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie, pp. 23-41.

Downloads

Publicado

2018-07-26

Edição

v. 3 n. 2 (2018)

Seção

Artículos

Licença

La publicación en la RMLP se realiza bajo los términos de la licencia de uso y distribución Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0 para Argentina (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) que permite a terceros la distribución, la copia y la exhibición del artículo siempre que citen la autoría del trabajo, la publicación en la RMLP, número concreto y las páginas en la que encontraron la información. No se puede obtener ningún beneficio comercial y no se pueden realizar obras derivadas con fines comerciales que no autorice la editorial. Si se remezcla, transforma o construye sobre el material, deben distribuir sus contribuciones bajo la misma licencia que el original.

La puesta a disposición del artículo en la RMLP  supone para los autores argentinos el cumplimiento de lo establecido en la Ley 26899 de Creación de Repositorios Digitales Institucionales de Acceso Abierto, Propios o Compartidos, del 13/11/2013 en su artículo 5º, en lo relativo a la obligatoriedad de facilitar en acceso abierto los resultados de investigaciones financiadas por agencias gubernamentales y de organismos nacionales de ciencia y tecnología del Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación.